Charles Taylor On The Secular Age

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There's a fascinating discussion going-on in the comments to Sr. Gail's most excellent piece on A Post-Secular Spirituality via the path of Yoga.  I raised a question about we understand secularity (and therefore post-secularity).  By far the greatest book on secularity I've ever read is Canadian philosopher Charles Taylor's magnum opus:  A Secular Age. In the video above, Taylor speaks about the path of secularity in the United States.  

I went back to the introduction to that text and found this passage which reflects interestingly on the discussion Gail has raised in her article.

So what I want to do is examine our society as secular in a third sense, which I could encapsulate in this way: the change I want to define and trace is one which takes us from a society in which it was virtually impossible not to believe in God, to one in which faith, even for the staunchest believer, is one human possibility among others...Secularity in this sense is a matter of the whole context of understanding in which our moral, spiritual, or religious experience and search takes place. By 'context of understanding' here I mean both matters that will probably have been explicitly formulated by almost everyone, such as the plurality of options, and some which form the implicit, largely unfocused background of this experience and search. An age or society would then be secular or not, in virtue of the conditions of experience of and search for the spiritual.  (A Secular Age, p.3)

In this regard, articulating a concept of post-secularity becomes interesting (if potentially quite challenging even perhaps for some problematic).  By Taylor's definition of secularism (one in which there is choice and the inevitable acceding to alternative even opposed worldviews), then the proliferation of Yogic spirituality in the West seems to be perfectly compatible with and utterly reflective of secularity.  

But more than anything, I'm really interested to hear other's thoughts on this subject.  What Taylor does in his book (and Gail has asked us to do in a comment to her own post) is actually feel into our own sense/experience of living in secularity. Both Taylor and Sr. Gail point to the ways in which that inquiry is actually quite challenging--as it is so close to us, particularly what Taylor calls the "implicit background" of our secular condition.  

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4 comments

  • Comment Link Bonnitta Roy Thursday, 13 January 2011 12:54 posted by Bonnitta Roy

    Boy this is a great inquiry! I'm going to be quite nerdy in my response-- but the nerdy expression comes from my sitting in reflection of this question in silence, watching what arose.... not from trying to be clever or philosophical. I was contemplating the question "what is it like to have a secular relationship with _____ versus a spiritual relationship with _____." Turns out the "______" could be almost any thing or person or idea.

    So here it goes:

    For me the distinction between secular and spiritual this moment seems to have to do with what the philosophers used to call "proximate" and "final" cause. To have a proximate relationship with something is secular. If I have a proximate relationship to Jesus Christ, then I fill the narrative of "Jesus Christ" with proximate relationships -- secular historical narratives with various causal threads.

    If I have a spiritual relationship with Jesus Christ, then these proximate explanations don't exhaust that relationship. I have to incorporate some "final causal" structure to capture what is more.

    If I have a post-postmodern spiritual relationship with Jesus Christ, I "feel" the parochial quality to the explanation I utilize for "the final cause" argument, while also being aware that this narrative is only a kind of place-holder for what is under-determined by the proximate narrative of events, causes, and outcomes.

    Does this make any sense?

  • Comment Link Bonnitta Roy Thursday, 13 January 2011 13:31 posted by Bonnitta Roy

    ... so for me to live a spiritual life, is to live in the omni-presence of a deep mystery, which is the backdrop and foreground of all my proximate explanations and my parochial wisdom, with not so much "faith" (as that seems to imply an object) as a kind of deep trust in the prsence of this mystery... that to see/ feel I am unknowable, unnameable in the same way, to see/ feel that this is true also for each of the ten thousand things, that every being and every entity has this same unnameable quality...

  • Comment Link Chris Dierkes Friday, 14 January 2011 17:37 posted by Chris Dierkes

    B,

    This is excellent. Thanks.

    As I was reading through, I was thinking that the original meaning of faith is in fact trust. What one gives one's troth (or truth) to.

    Also, could you say a little more what you mean by proximate and final causes?

  • Comment Link Bonnitta Roy Saturday, 15 January 2011 12:15 posted by Bonnitta Roy

    Chris,
    I can give you a faily nuanced definition of proximate and final causes. Proximate causes are like "connect the dots" explanations, from one event to to another event that caused it. For example, answering " Why do leaves fall in autumn? " leads to eplanations about the weather and the relationship to the earth's axial tilt, the chemical mechanisms in trees, and how temperate zone plants evolved.

    Proximate causes can also be explanations of intention, as in "Why did she go back to school?" leads to a narrative set of causes about getting married, wanting a family, not having enough money, thinking of bettering her career, etc... another string of dots.

    Final (or ultimate) causes is a more complex contemplation. In the first example, one might contemplate - "why is there evolution in the first place?" or "why should there be life at all"

    In the second example, seeking final cause might end up asking "what are people for, anyway?"

    The interesting feature of final cause, is that the question introduces a kind of teleological aspiration for us -- when we look for final causes, we look not for dots, but for some over-arching meaning to make sense of the entire "thing" or make all the dots cohere as a whole with respect to some"thing" larger and ultimate.

    That is why, IMO, one can have a spiritual relationship with any "thing". A tree can be a portal to that level of contemplation - so can the mind, or the self, or the other, or something more formally, "religious."

    Proximate causes connect dots to other dots, and the explanations can (and do) go on forever. Where final causes are concerned, the whole rushes in -- the dot becomes the expression of the universal; the particular becons the ultimate.

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